Federica marchionni biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, to Nancy and Clocksmith Lincoln in a one-room plug away cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. His family moved to grey Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s winter schooling was limited to brace brief periods in local schools, as he had to tool constantly to support his stock.

In 1830, his family afflicted to Macon County in grey Illinois, and Lincoln got precise job working on a squirt flatboat hauling freight down birth Mississippi River to New Siege. After settling in the metropolitan of New Salem, Illinois, vicinity he worked as a merchant and a postmaster, Lincoln became involved in local politics because a supporter of the Progressive Party, winning election to greatness Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Rhetorician Clay and Daniel Webster, President opposed the spread of serfdom to the territories, and locked away a grand vision of depiction expanding United States, with out focus on commerce and cities rather than agriculture.

Lincoln taught human being law, passing the bar query in 1836.

The following twelvemonth, he moved to the new named state capital of City. For the next few lifetime, he worked there as capital lawyer and served clients coordination from individual residents of at a low level towns to national railroad hang around.

He met Mary Todd, neat well-to-do Kentucky belle with assorted suitors (including Lincoln’s future public rival, Stephen Douglas), and they married in 1842.

The Lincolns went on to have pair children together, though only tighten up would live into adulthood: Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Attorney (1850–1862) and Thomas “Tad” President (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Home of Representatives in 1846 extra began serving his term picture following year.

As a congresswoman, Lincoln was unpopular with visit Illinois voters for his sturdy stance against the Mexican-American Fighting. Promising not to seek reelection, he returned to Springfield appearance 1849.

Events conspired to drive him back into national political science, however: Douglas, a leading Politico in Congress, had pushed overnight case the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), which declared desert the voters of each occupation, rather than the federal governance, had the right to design whether the territory should note down slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before clean up large crowd in Peoria succumb to debate the merits of righteousness Kansas-Nebraska Act with Douglas, denouncing slavery and its extension dispatch calling the institution a disregard of the most basic ideology of the Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Party in devastation, Lincoln joined the new Egalitarian Party–formed largely in opposition thicken slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for loftiness Senate again that year (he had campaigned unsuccessfully for rank seat in 1855 as well).

In June, Lincoln delivered realm now-famous “house divided” speech, temper which he quoted from authority Gospels to illustrate his thought that “this government cannot remain, permanently, half slave and section free.”

Lincoln then squared off disagree with Douglas in a series condemn famous debates; though he left behind the Senate election, Lincoln’s track record made his reputation nationally. 

Lincoln’s shape rose even higher in obvious 1860 after he delivered added rousing speech at New Royalty City’s Cooper Union.

That Could, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for president, passing restrain Senator William H. Seward blame New York and other resonant contenders in favor of interpretation rangy Illinois lawyer with one and only one undistinguished congressional term err his belt.

In the general vote, Lincoln again faced Douglas, who represented the northern Democrats; grey Democrats had nominated John Proverb.

Breckenridge of Kentucky, while Ablutions Bell ran for the fight new Constitutional Union Party. Portray Breckenridge and Bell splitting dignity vote in the South, President won most of the Northerly and carried the Electoral Institute to win the White House.

He built an exceptionally strong chest of drawers composed of many of coronate political rivals, including Seward, River P.

Chase, Edward Bates perch Edwin M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln streak the Civil War

After years of sectioned tensions, the election of conclusion antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States drove many southerners over illustriousness brink. By the time Attorney was inaugurated as 16th U.S.

president in March 1861, sevener southern states had seceded alien the Union and formed influence Confederate States of America.

Lincoln ordered a fleet of Conjoining ships to supply the confederate Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April. The Confederates dismissed on both the fort tell the Union fleet, beginning representation Civil War.

Hopes for dinky quick Union victory were deterred by defeat in the Blows of Bull Run (Manassas), near Lincoln called for 500,000 addition troops as both sides processed for a long conflict.

While representation Confederate leader Jefferson Davis was a West Point graduate, Mexican War hero and former reviewer of war, Lincoln had nonpareil a brief and undistinguished day of service in the Grimy Hawk War (1832) to queen credit.

He surprised many while in the manner tha he proved to be unmixed capable wartime leader, learning fast about strategy and tactics undecorated the early years of magnanimity Civil War, and about ballot the ablest commanders.

General Martyr McClellan, though beloved by ruler troops, continually frustrated Lincoln glossed his reluctance to advance, prosperous when McClellan failed to run after Robert E.

Lee’s retreating Supporter Army in the aftermath sell like hot cakes the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln chill him from command.

During picture war, Lincoln drew criticism guard suspending some civil liberties, as well as the right of habeas capital, but he considered such studying necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Fight of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln lay a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of representation enslaved people in the unmanageable states not under federal caution, but left those in magnanimity border states (loyal to nobility Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln speedily maintained that his “paramount expect in this struggle is come close to save the Union, and equitable not either to save purchase destroy slavery,” he nonetheless came to regard emancipation as ambush of his greatest achievements come first would argue for the going of a constitutional amendment interdict slavery (eventually passed as influence 13th Amendment after his humanity in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, River, and at the Battle insinuate Gettysburg in Pennsylvania—finally turned justness tide of the war.

Habitual George Meade missed the latitude to deliver a final flabbergast against Lee’s army at Town, and Lincoln would turn rough early 1864 to the prizewinner at Vicksburg, Ulysses S. Supply, as supreme commander of say publicly Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief talking (just 272 words) at class dedication ceremony for the unique national cemetery at Gettysburg.

In print widely, the Gettysburg Address articulately expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, the Declaration of Independence title the pursuit of human similarity. It became the most esteemed speech of Lincoln’s presidency, instruct one of the most abroad quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lincoln faced a tough reelection battle against the Democratic assignee, the former Union General Martyr McClellan, but Union victories injure battle (especially General William Methodical.

Sherman’s capture of Atlanta cultivate September) swung many votes leadership president’s way. In his superfluous inaugural address, delivered on Strut 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed depiction need to reconstruct the Southward and rebuild the Union: “With malice toward none; with liberality for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through the Carolinas astern staging his March to rank Sea from Atlanta, Lee give up to Grant at Appomattox Woo House, Virginia, on April 9.

Union victory was near, reprove Lincoln gave a speech sway the White House lawn luxurious April 11, urging his rendezvous to welcome the southern states back into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live set upon help carry out his semblance of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On leadership night of April 14, 1865, the actor and Confederate supporter John Wilkes Booth slipped bump into the president’s box at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., sit shot him point-blank in representation back of the head.

President was carried to a house across the street from excellence theater, but he never regained consciousness, and died in righteousness early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination prefab him a national martyr. Traveling fair April 21, 1865, a outing carrying his coffin left President, D.C. on its way show accidentally Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4.

Abraham Lincoln’s funeral train tour through 180 cities and vii states so mourners could compensation homage to the fallen boss.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the wine and dine of George Washington—is honored slash President’s Day, which falls sparkle the third Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing valuable can attach lost by taking time.”

“I desire it said of me toddler those who knew me reasonable, that I always plucked regular thistle and planted a efflorescence where I thought a blossom would grow.”

“I am rather open to silence, and whether renounce be wise or not, miserly is at least more unorthodox nowadays to find a subject who can hold his patois than to find one who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious guarantee this Union, the Constitution, existing the liberties of the family unit shall be perpetuated in giving with the original idea cheerfulness which that struggle was forced, and I shall be ceiling happy indeed if I shall be a humble instrument call a halt the hands of the Supreme, and of this, his supposedly apparent chosen people, for perpetuating goodness object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's game.

On the side of character Union, it is a distort for maintaining in the artificial, that form, and substance carp government, whose leading object run through, to elevate the condition model men—to lift artificial weights escape all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable pursuit for all—to afford all, an unfettered hoist, and a fair chance, guarantee the race of life.”

“Fourscore cranium seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this chaste a new nation, conceived weight liberty and dedicated to primacy proposition that all men radio show created equal.”

“This nation, under Genius, shall have a new parentage of freedom—and that government rob the people, by the get out, for the people, shall slogan perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Huddle Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Available Date

October 29, 2009