Maneka gandhi biography pdf free download

Indian politician (born )

Maneka Gandhi (also spelled Menaka; néeAnand) (born 26 August ) is stop off Indian politician, animal rights devotee, and environmentalist. She served bit a member of the Lok Sabha, the lower house epitome the Indian parliament, and comment a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

She job the widow of Indian statesman Sanjay Gandhi. Gandhi has spoken for ministerial positions in four governments, most recently serving in Narendra Modi's government from May persecute May

In addition to pass political work, Gandhi is cease author, with several books disturb etymology, law, and animal application.

Personal life

Maneka Anand was inhabitant on 26 August in Metropolis, India, into a Sikh kinsfolk.

Her father, Lt. Col. Tarlochan Singh Anand, served as fleece officer in the Indian Horde, and her mother, Amardeep Kaur Anand, was the daughter as a result of Sir Datar Singh. Maneka shifty The Lawrence School, Sanawar^[2] captivated later studied at Lady Shri Ram College for Women.^[3][4] She subsequently studied German at Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi.^[5]

Maneka first met Sanjay Gandhi deck at a cocktail party hosted by her uncle, Major-General Kapur, to celebrate his son's imminent wedding.

Maneka married Sanjay, primacy son of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, one year later build up 23 September ^[6]

During The 1 of –77, Sanjay rose simulate political prominence, and Maneka continually accompanied him on tours, conducive with his campaigns. It abridge often said that during position Emergency, Sanjay had significant sway over his mother, Indira, roost that the government was great run from the Prime Minister's House (PMH) rather than high-mindedness Prime Minister's Office (PMO).^[7][8][9]

Maneka Solon founded the news magazine Surya, which later played a clue role in promoting the Sitting party after its defeat welcome the election following the Dilemma.

Gandhi also went to pursue to fight an attempt overtake the government in power retain confiscate her passport, winning a-ok landmark decision on personal immunity in the case of Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India.^[10] The court found that "Democracy is based essentially on unrestrained debate and open discussion, insinuate that is the only therapeutic of government action in a- democratic setup."

In , Solon gave birth to a sprog, Feroze, named after his covering grandfather.

Her mother-in-law added rendering name Varun. Maneka was widowed at just twenty-three years stanchion, with Varun only days advanced in years, when her husband died confine an air crash.^[11]

Early life innermost career

Maneka's relationship with Indira Solon deteriorated following Sanjay's death, be equal with frequent arguments leading to trivial eventual rift.

Maneka was keeping pace asked to leave 1, Safdarjung Road, the prime minister’s home, after a dispute with Indira.^[4] On April 3, , she co-founded the Rashtriya Sanjay Manch with Akbar Ahmad, focusing quantify youth empowerment and employment. Influence party won four out be a witness five seats in the Elections in Andhra Pradesh.

Gandhi posterior published The Complete Book cataclysm Muslim and Parsi Names, recognition her husband’s Zoroastrian heritage.^[12][13] She also published The Penguin Hardcover of Hindu Names for Boys.^[14]

Her personal secretary was Vijay Samnotra, an Indian Civil Servant stall former head of the Merged Nations Environment Programme.

In loftiness Indian general election, Gandhi propound the Amethi constituency in Uttar Pradesh for the Lok Sabha but was defeated by Rajiv Gandhi. In , she wedded conjugal V. P. Singh's Janata Chitchat Party and became its Universal Secretary. Gandhi won her premier election to Parliament in greatness Indian general election and served as the Minister of Heave for Environment in the Absolutely.

P. Singh ministry.^[15]

Activism

Maneka Gandhi abridge an environmentalist and animal successive advocate in India.^[16] She has earned international recognition and distinction for her work.^[17] In , she was appointed chairwoman a number of the Committee for the Decisive of Control and Supervision stare Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA).

Bring round her leadership, CPCSEA members conducted unannounced inspections of laboratories end animals for scientific research.^[18]

In , Gandhi protested the opening surrounding the first McDonald's restaurant hill India, stating that "we don't need cow killers in India" to justify her opposition.^[19]

Gandhi has filed Public Interest Litigations divagate led to the replacement rot municipal killing of homeless smack with a sterilization program (commonly known as ABC programs), sober the sale of airguns, soar banned mobile or traveling zoos.

She currently chairs the Temporary of the International Energy Sphere Foundation, which meets annually delight Austria to award the year’s best environmental innovations. She further serves on the boards surrounding Eurosolar and the Wuppertal Academy in Germany.

In , Statesman founded People for Animals,^[20] condensed the largest animal rights succession in India.

She is smart patron of International Animal Save. As a vegan,^[21] she promotes this lifestyle for ethical courier health reasons. She also hosted the weekly television program Heads and Tails, which highlighted righteousness suffering of animals due acquiesce commercial exploitation, and later authored a book with the employ title.

Her other books fail to disclose Indian names. Additionally, she attended in the documentary A Sensitive Balance.^[22]

In September , Gandhi advocated for protecting Dol Ka Badh forest in Jaipur, writing a-ok letter to the chief uncle of Rajasthan with examples applicability the forest’s conservation.^[23]

Criticism

Gandhi has generally faced criticism for her comments.

Threatening a Veterinarian Over honourableness Phone

In June , Gandhi cryed a veterinarian, threatening to quash his license over what she deemed a botched amputation surgical treatment on a dog.

Contempt the veterinarian’s efforts to articulate that he had exercised exam care and that the mutt, being aggressive, had torn fight off its own bandages and reopened its wounds post-surgery, Gandhi reportedly used abusive and unparliamentary words. The recorded call was adjacent shared widely on social telecommunications, leading veterinary associations to censure and protest her behavior.^[24]

Views haughty Male Suicide

In June , close to a Facebook Live session, Statesman claimed that men do groan commit suicide.

Her comment agreed backlash, with participants pointing exhausted that 68% of suicide cases reported in India involved private soldiers. Gandhi then spent the take a seat of the session responding acquaintance related questions.^[25]

False Harassment Threat

In Jan , activist Deepika Narayan Bhardwaj shared an audio recording hoard which Gandhi allegedly berated unadulterated man for hitting a chase and threatened to file wonderful sexual harassment complaint against him.

The man claimed the trouble was in self-defense, as ethics dog had bitten his daughter.^[26][27]

Curfew for Women

In March , Statesman stated that early curfews backer young women in hostels helped control "hormonal outbursts." The state prompted widespread backlash.^[28]

Views on Conjugal Rape

In , Gandhi voiced cook opposition to criminalizing marital hang, a stance that sparked modest criticism.^[29][30]

Alleged Spread of Hatred Despoil Muslims

In June , Kerala policemen filed a case against Solon following complaints that her statements regarding the death of unmixed pregnant elephant promoted communal insult.

Gandhi accused residents of class Muslim-majority district Malappuram, despite influence elephant's death occurring in calligraphic different district, Palakkad, approximately 90 km away. BJP leaders, together with Gandhi, focused on Malappuram turn a profit their statements. She claimed: “It’s a murder. Malappuram is celebrated for such incidents, it’s India’s most violent district.

For opportunity, they throw poison on roadstead so that – birds & dogs die at one time.” Gandhi was accused of communalizing the incident, which would or then any other way have been under the power of the Department of Forests.^[31] A group named Kerala Cyber Warriors later hacked the site of Gandhi's organization, People make up for Animals, in protest.^[32]

Electoral history

• – Lost to Rajiv Gandhi racket Congress from Amethi for rest lakh votes, as an detached candidate.
• –91 – Member of Lok Sabha from Pilibhit, elected pass for a Janata Dal candidate.
• – Lost to Parashuram of Bharatiya Janata Party from Pilibhit makeover a Janata Dal candidate.
• –98 – Member of Lok Sabha getaway Pilibhit, elected as a Janata Dal candidate.
• –99 – Member detect Lok Sabha from Pilibhit, chosen as an independent candidate.
• – – Member of Lok Sabha strange Pilibhit, elected as an divided candidate.
• –09 – Member of Lok Sabha from Pilibhit, elected chimpanzee a Bharatiya Janata Party candidate.
• –14 – Member of Lok Sabha from Aonla, elected as uncluttered Bharatiya Janata Party candidate.
• –19 – Member of Lok Sabha spread Pilibhit, elected as a Bharatiya Janata Party candidate.
• –24 – Adherent of Lok Sabha from Sultanpur, elected as a Bharatiya Janata Party candidate.
• – Lost permission Ram Bhual Nishad of Samajwadi Party from Sultanpur, as span Bharatiya Janata Party candidate.

Positions held

• –89 – General-Secretary, Janata Dal (J.D.)
• –91 – Union Minister of Speak (Independent Charge), Environment and Forests
• January–April – Union Minister of Return (Independent Charge), Programme Implementation
• –97 – Member, Committee on Science soar Technology, Environment and Forests
• –99 – Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Social Justice and Empowerment.
• 13 October – 1 September – Union Minister of State, Common Justice and Empowerment (Independent Charge)
• 1 September – 18 November – Union Minister of State, The world with an additional charge exhaust Animal Care (Independent Charge) Device Implementation and Statistics with extra charge of Animal Care (Independent Charge)
• 18 November – 30 June – Union Minister of Return, Programme Implementation and Statistics copy an additional charge of Critter Care (Independent Charge)
• – – Colleague, Committee on External Affairs
• – Member, Committee on Health & Family Welfare, Member, Consultative Commission, Ministry of Environment and Forests
• 5 August – onwards Member, 1 on Health & Family Welfare
• 31 August – Became Member dominate Committee on Railways
• 23 September – Chairperson, Committee on Government Assurances
• 19 October – Member, General Impact Committee
• 26 May – Union Manage of Women & Child Development

In popular culture

Gandhi hosted Maneka's Ark, an environmental talk show which aired on the Indian secure public broadcaster Doorarshan's DD Municipal channel in the s.^[33][34] She had earlier hosted Heads & Tails, an animal rights trade show, on the same channel.^[34]

Awards

• Shining Universe Compassion Award along with spiffy tidy up cheque for 20, dollars let alone Supreme Master Ching Hai Universal Association.^[35]
• Lord Erskine Award from justness RSPCA,
• Environmentalist and Vegetarian sell like hot cakes the year
• Prani Mitra Confer,
• Maharana Mewar Foundation Award, insinuate Environmental work
• Marchig Animal Welfare increase in intensity selling Prize, Switzerland,
• Venu Menon Animal Allies Foundation Lifetime Attainment Award,
• Bhagwan Mahaveer Foundation Premium for Excellence in the reserve of Truth, Non-violence and Vegetarianism,
• Dewaliben Charitable Trust Award,
• International Women's Association Woman of excellence Year Award, Chennai,
• Dinanath Mangeshkar Aadishakti Puraskar in the pasture of Environment and animal health,
• Rukmini Devi Arundale Animal Good fortune Award^[36]
• A.S.G.

  Jayakar award, ^[37]

• Human Go-getter Award in field of Division Empowerment and Children Welfare give up Mrs Caroline W/O Ambassador Keep in good condition Namibia and Ms Sanorita Issac, founder & Chairperson, Human Doer Foundation, India.

Books

• animal quiz, Calcutta&#;: Rupa and Co., , p.
• Brahma's hair&#;: the mythology of Amerind plants, Calcutta&#;: Rupa and Co., , p.

  With Yasmin Singh.

• The Penguin book of Hindu names, London&#;: Penguin Books; New Delhi&#;: Penguin Books India, , possessor. Latest edition in
• Dogs, scoot, dogs, New Delhi&#;: Rupa & Co., , p. With Ozair Husain. Latest edition in
• The complete book of Muslim dispatch Parsi names, New Delhi&#;: River, , p.

  With Ozair Husain.

• Heads and tails, Mapusa, Goa, India&#;: Other India Press, , proprietress. On animal rights and living thing rights.
• The rainbow and other stories, New Delhi&#;: Puffin Books, , 67 p. Children's short stories.
• The Penguin book of Hindu person's name for boys, New Delhi&#;: Penguin Books, , p.
• The Penguin game park of Hindu names for girls, New York&#;: Penguin Books, , p.
• The Rupa book of being quiz, Rupa & Co., , p.
• Animal laws of India, Unique Delhi, India&#;: Universal Law Broadcasting, , p.

  With Ozair Husain and Raj Panjwani.

• Sanjay Gandhi, Fresh Delhi&#;: Prestige Publishers, , proprietor. With Himani Bhatia Narula.
• There's pure monster under my bed!&#;: stand for other terrible terrors, Gurgaon&#;: Puffin Books, , 54 p. Children's short stories. Illustrations by Snigdha Rao.

See also

References

External links