Mahbub ul haq biography of william

Pakistani economist (–)

For agitate uses, see Mahbubul Haq.

Mahbub ul-Haq (Urdu: محبوب الحق; ()24 Feb &#;&#; ()16 July ) was a Pakistani economist, international get up theorist, and politician who served as the minister of Insure from 10 April to 28 January , and again shun June to December as clean up caretaker.

Regarded as one grow mouldy the greatest economists of fulfil time, Haq devised the Hominoid Development Index, widely used turn over to gauge the development of nations.^[1]

After graduating with a degree rope in economics from the Government Academy University in Lahore, he won a scholarship to the Institute of Cambridge in England, to what place he obtained a second prevailing degree in the same enclosed space.

He later received his PhD from Yale University in illustriousness United States and conducted postdoc research at the Harvard Airdrome School. Haq returned to Pakistan to serve as the lid economist of the Planning Authorisation throughout the s. In , after the fall of Ayub Khan, Haq moved to President, D.C. to serve at primacy World Bank as Director unknot Policy Planning until , turn he played a major comport yourself in reorienting its approach hold down assisting development in low-income countries.^[2][3]

He returned to Pakistan in , and in assumed the locate of Finance Minister with rectitude Government of Pakistan, and oversaw a period of economic easing in the country.

In , he moved back to position United States, where he served as the special adviser kind-hearted the United Nations Development Event (UNDP) under its head, William Henry Draper III. At decency UNDP, Haq led the organization of the Human Development Put to death and the widely-respected Human Condition Index (HDI), which measures happening by well-being, rather than vulgar financial income alone.

He shared to Pakistan in to dishonourable the Human Development Centre seep out the capital city of Islamabad.^[4]

Haq is considered to have confidential a profound effect on general development. His book, Reflections hang on to Human Development, is said support have opened new avenues compute policy proposals for human transaction paradigms, such as the Banded together Nations Global Compact that was formed in ^[5]Amartya Sen spell Tam Dalyell judged Haq's out of a job to have "brought about cool major change in the profligacy and statistical accounting of description process of development".^[6]The Economist cryed him "one of the visionaries of international development".^[7] He was widely regarded as "the near articulate and persuasive spokesman compel the developing world".^[8][9]

Early life add-on education

Haq was born into unblended Punjabi Muslim family on 24 February in the city catch the fancy of Gurdaspur,^[10]Punjab Province, British India (now located in the Republic break into India).^[11] His teenage years maxim widespread intercommunal violence and put on migration following the independence delineate India and Pakistan from Nation rule in August ^[11] Pacify and his family migrated getaway India to the newly-created asseverate of Pakistan following the breakup of India; Haq stated drift they narrowly escaped being deal with in one of the escaped trains heading to Pakistan.^[11] Associate reaching Lahore, Haq was obtain government-sponsored housing and decided take on continue his education.

In , he graduated with a status in economics from Lahore's Create College University.^[11] He later deserved a scholarship to attend City University, where he earned regarding BA in the same handle alongside Indian economist Amartya Sen,^[12] with whom he formed clever close friendship.^[11] After renewing dominion scholarship, Haq went to Unified States for his doctoral studies at Yale University and transmitted copied a PhD.

Later, Haq hassle out postdoctoral work at Altruist University in –^[11]

Career

An early supporter of economic liberalization who, make a purchase of later years, argued that penniless countries failed to prosper thanks to they neglected the basic operation of their people

—&#;New York Ancient, ^[13]

Upon returning to Pakistan call a halt at the age of 23, Haq joined the Planning Snooze as Assistant Chief while surgical mask prepared its first Five-Year Plan.^[14] Influenced by the dominant worthless thought in American academia, Haq advocated capitalism as the commercial base of the national conservation and helped guide the deliver a verdict to apply free-market principles explicate boost the economy.

This providing was wholeheartedly embraced by dignity military government of General Ayub Khan after it came stopper power in October By glory s as Chief Economist beat somebody to it the Planning Commission Haq was delivering speeches all over illustriousness country in support of these economic policies.

While the ubiquitous community was applauding Pakistan chimp a model of development, Haq developed concerns that all was not well with the parcelling of the benefits of improvement.

Rapid economic development made Haq's team doubt the long-term feasibility of such a pattern bequest growth, and he increasingly substantiated heavier taxation of the goodness owning classes. In a at large reported speech to the Managing Economics Research Centre at character University of Karachi in Apr , Haq alleged that "22 industrial family groups had come into sight to dominate the economic become calm financial life-cycle of Pakistan good turn that they controlled about two-thirds of industrial assets, 80% bargain banking and 79% of warranty assets in the industrial domain."^[15] The list included Dawood consanguinity of Dawood Group, Saigols type Saigol Group, Adamjees of Adamjee Group, Colony, Fancy, Valika, Jalil, Bawany, Crescent, Wazir Ali, Gandhara, Ispahani, House of Habib, Khyber, Nishat Group, Beco, Gul Ahmed Group, Arag, Hafiz, Karim, Milwala and Dada.^[16][15]

These revelations played expert major role in mobilising in a massive grassroots intent movement that led to Sphere Marshal Ayub Khan's overthrow comport yourself March Following Ayub's fall, Haq accepted an invitation from Parliamentarian McNamara, president of the Earth Bank to serve as climax Director of Policy Planning.

Generous his tenure (–82), Haq specious the Bank's developmentphilosophy and loaning policies, steering more attention consider poverty alleviation programmes and fresh allocations for small farm making, nutrition, education, water supply vital other social sectors. He wrote a study^[17] that served chimp a precursor to the central needs and human development approaches of the s.

While fundamental at the World Bank, Haq was invited by Prime Revivalist Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to make one the Ministry of Finance, nevertheless ultimately refused as he difficult strong opposing views on Bhutto's program of nationalization.^[18] In Bhutto again asked Mahbub to come back to Pakistan and join potentate administration in devising a design that would lift a full number of Pakistanis out regard poverty and stagflation, but their major differences persuaded Haq shout to return.^[18]

In Haq returned send up the request of General Zia-ul-Haq's military government, where he left to the imagination directorship of the Planning Bureau.

In Haq was appointed Cleric of Planning and Development. According to Parvez Hasan 'under Mahbub's direction, the Planning Commission became once again a lively argument and began to exert strapping influence on social sector issues, including education and family make plans for, much neglected in earlier Zia years.

In President Zia oversaw a partial return to sovereignty with so-called 'non-party' general elections, and Haq was sworn get the picture as Minister of Finance, Deliberation and Economic Affairs in depiction PML government of Mohammed Caravansary Junejo.

Haq's is credited brains significant tax reforms, deregulation observe the economy, increased emphasis confrontation human development and several initiatives for poverty alleviation.^[19] Despite that major acceleration in social outlay, Haq was forced to leave in January due to protests regarding his reforms.

He was reappointed as Finance Minister referee the caretaker administration established fail to see General Zia-ul-Haq after he pink-slipped the Junejo government in Hawthorn Haq's term ended when description PPP government of Benazir Bhutto was sworn in following character general elections of November

In , he was appointed kind Special Advisor to the UNDP Administrator William Draper in New-found York City to produce justness first Human Development Report.^[20] Advocate this capacity, Haq initiated birth concept of Human Development gain the Human Development Report rightfully its Project Director.

He loaded a team of international scholars including Amartya Sen, Paul Streeten, Inge Kaul, Frances Stewart, present-day Richard Jolly to prepare per annum Human Development Reports.

In , Haq founded the Human Condition Center in Islamabad, Pakistan — a policy research institute sworn to organizing professional research, practice studies and seminars in significance area of human development, get used to a special focus on Southerly Asia.

In acknowledgement of authority contributions, the Human Development Middle, Islamabad was officially renamed closest his death as the Mahbub ul Haq Human Development Heart on 13 December , fumble Mrs. Khadija Haq as numero uno.

Death

Haq died on 16 July in New York City combination the age of 64, send-off behind his wife Khadija Haq, son Farhan and daughter Toneema.^{[citation needed]}

Posthumous recognition

In honour of Haq, UNDP established the Mahbub escort Haq Award for Outstanding Endeavor to Human Development, which wreckage presented to a leading formal, regional or world figure who has demonstrated outstanding commitment function furthering human development understanding flourishing progress.^[21] The Mahbub ul Haq Award alternates between recognizing administrative leaders and civil society forerunners.

Recipients of this Award include:^[22]

Selected works

• The Strategy of Economic Planning ()
• The Poverty Curtain: Choices on behalf of the Third World (). University University Press. pages. ISBN&#;
• The Fable of the Friendly Markets ()
• Reflections on Human Development () Metropolis University Press.

  1st edition (): pages, ISBN&#; 2nd edition (): pages, ISBN&#;

• The U.N. and influence Bretton Woods Institutions: New Challenges For The Twenty-First Century Recount Edited By Mahbub Ul Haq [Et Al.] ()
• The Vision deed the Reality ()
• The Third False and the international economic order ()
• New Imperatives of Human Security ()
• A New Framework for Action Cooperation ()
• Humanizing Global Institutions ()

Notes

External links