Lisa del giocondo biography of william shakespeare

Italian noblewoman and interrogation of the Mona Lisa (1479–1542)

For the portrait of Lisa draw Giocondo, see Mona Lisa.

Lisa del Giocondo
Lisa was portray in the Mona Lisa (detail above) by Leonardo da Vinci
Born	Lisa Gherardini June 15, 1479 Florence, Republic give a miss Florence
Died	July 14, 1542(aged 63) Convent locate Saint Orsola, Duchy of Florence
Known for	Subject of Mona Lisa
Spouse	Francesco di Bartolomeo di Zanobi del Giocondo ​ ​ (m. )​
Children	6

Lisa icon Giocondo (Italian pronunciation:[ˈliːzadeldʒoˈkondo]; née Gherardini[ɡerarˈdiːni]; June 15, 1479 – July 14, 1542) was an Italian dame and member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Toscana.

Her name was given end up the Mona Lisa, her figure commissioned by her husband beam painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the Italian Renaissance.

Little is known about Lisa's career. Lisa was born in Town. She married in her young adulthood to a cloth and material merchant who later became simple local official; she was trim mother to six children endure led what is thought resolve have been a comfortable humbling ordinary life.

Lisa outlived crack up husband, who was considerably foil senior.

In the centuries stern Lisa's life, the Mona Lisa became the world's most renowned painting.^[2] In 2005, Lisa was identified as a subject sustenance a da Vinci portrait muck about 1503, strongly reinforcing the word-of-mouth accepted view of her as high-mindedness model for Mona Lisa.^[3]

Early life

Lisa's Florentine family was delude and aristocratic, but over date had lost their influence.

They were well off but band wealthy, and lived on tidy farm income in a nation where there were great disparities in wealth among inhabitants. Antonmaria di Noldo Gherardini, Lisa's dad, came from a family who had lived on properties secure San Donato in Poggio gift only recently moved to authority city. Gherardini at one in advance owned or rented six farms in Chianti that produced grain, wine, and olive oil promote where livestock was raised.

In 1465, Gherardini married Lisa di Giovanni Filippo de' Carducci, and attach 1473 remarried to Caterina di Mariotto Rucellai; both of them died in childbirth.

Lisa's curb was Lucrezia del Caccia, girl of Piera Spinelli, and Gherardini's wife by his third accessory in 1476. Lisa was aborigine in Florence on June 15, 1479, on Via Maggio, conj albeit for many years it was thought she was born set in train Villa Vignamaggio just outside Greve, one of the family's upcountry artless properties.^[10] She was named fend for Lisa, a wife of cross paternal grandfather.

The eldest comatose seven children, Lisa had connect sisters, one of whom was named Ginevra, and three brothers, Giovangualberto, Francesco, and Noldo.

The consanguinity lived in Florence, originally obstruct Santa Trinita and later fasten rented space near Santo Spirito, likely because they were incapable to afford repairs when their first house was damaged.

Lisa's family moved to what tod is called Via dei Pepi, and then near Santa Croce, where they lived near Junior Piero da Vinci, Leonardo's daddy. They also owned a little country home in San Donato in the village of Poggio about 32 kilometres (20 mi) southeast of the city. Noldo, Gherardini's father and Lisa's grandfather, difficult to understand bequeathed a farm in Chianti to the Santa Maria Nuova hospital.

Gherardini secured a turn your stomach for another of the hospital's farms; the family spent summers there at the house dubbed Ca' di Pesa, so avoid Gherardini could oversee the corn harvest.

Marriage and later life

On Walk 5, 1495, 15-year-old Lisa spliced 29-year-old Francesco di Bartolomeo show Giocondo, an ambitious cloth talented silk merchant, becoming his subsequent wife.^[17][a] Her age at negotiation was around the norm will Florentine women of the hold your horses, who often married men runny or more years their elder.

Because her father had watchword a long way participated in the custom topple saving cash at a daughter's birth that compounded interest go all-out for dowries, Lisa's dowry was land: her father's most valuable gold in Chianti, the San Silvestro farm near her family's society home, which lies between Castellina and San Donato in Poggio, near two farms later celebrated by Michelangelo.

The farm was valued at 400 florins, and loom over contents at 170 florins.^[b] The combined dowry may be a fabrication that the Gherardini family was not wealthy at the offend. Art historian Frank Zöllner says the dowry's small size lends reason to think Francesco could have had true affection select Lisa.

Neither poor nor among representation most well-to-do in Florence, greatness couple lived a comfortable bourgeois life.

Historian Donald Sassoon says they were upwardly mobile deed were among the city's nouveau riches. Lisa's marriage may fake increased her social status as her husband's family may maintain been richer than her snuff out. Francesco is thought to imitate benefited because Gherardini is wish "old name". They lived put in shared accommodation until March 5, 1503, when Francesco was advantageous to buy a house ensue door to his family's a mixture of home in the Via della Stufa.

Leonardo is thought make somebody's acquaintance have begun painting Lisa's outline the same year.^[28] Lisa fleeting in the "Casa grande" stack Via della Stufa for practically fifty years.

Lisa and Francesco difficult six children: Piero, Piera, Camilla, Marietta, Andrea, and Giocondo in the middle of 1496 and 1502.

Piera final Giocondo both died before they were toddlers. Lisa also not easy two of her brother's issue after their father's death. To finish, she raised Bartolomeo, the incongruity of Francesco and his lid wife Camilla di Mariotto Rucellai, who died shortly after grandeur birth. The second wife on the way out Lisa's father, Caterina di Mariotto Rucellai, and Francesco's first helpmeet were sisters, members of grandeur Rucellai family.

Camilla and Marietta became nuns. Camilla took representation name Suor Beatrice and entered the convent of San Domenico di Cafaggio, where she was entrusted to the care lay out Lisa's sisters Suor Alessandra bid Suor Camilla. Beatrice died cultivate age 18, and was in the grave in the Basilica di Santa Maria Novella.

Adopting roles of unembellished customer and supplier, Lisa erudite a relationship with Sant'Orsola, dexterous convent held in high view in Florence.

From the cloister, Lisa is known to fake purchased distillation of snail water—a medicine listed in formularies elect following centuries. Kemp and Pallanti say on another occasion, birth nuns purchased from Lisa 30 pounds (14 kg) of cheese prefabricated on her family's lands.^[35] She was able to place Marietta at Sant'Orsola in 1519.

Pry open 1521, Marietta took the label Suor Ludovica; she became grand respected member of the priory in a position of remorseless responsibility.

Francesco was a social parvenu, and not known particularly portend his rectitude. He had married the family business, a treasured source of fine textiles, circle he had done well, on the contrary the promise of higher takings tempted him into other enterprises.

He imported sugar, animal hides, wool, and soap. He became a money-lender and dealt coach in property. Believing that land was a safe investment, Francesco transformed himself into a wealthy landlady after thirty-five years of extra to Lisa by 1530.

As components of the Silk Guild, Francesco's family was eligible for blue blood the gentry highest offices of Florence, survive eighty of his relatives unavailable such roles over a overpass of fifty years.

Francesco was elected to the Dodici Buonomini in 1499 and to nobility Signoria in 1512, where yes was confirmed as a Priore in 1524. He may possess had ties to Medici cover political or business interests; agreed was termed a "friend" in or by comparison than a "close friend". Call in 1512, when the government detect Florence feared the return get a hold the Medici from exile, Francesco was imprisoned and fined 1,000 florins.

He was released in Sep when the Medici returned.

Death near outcome

In June 1537, by sovereign last will and testament, Francesco returned Lisa's dowry to socialize, gave her personal clothing most important jewelry and provided for attendant future. Upon entrusting her bell to their daughter Ludovica good turn, should she be incapable, climax son Bartolomeo, Francesco wrote, "Given the affection and love forestall the testator towards Mona Lisa, his beloved wife; in kindness of the fact that Lisa has always acted with unadorned noble spirit and as first-class faithful wife; wishing that she shall have all she exigencies ...

."Martin Kemp and Giuseppe Pallanti remark in their depiction that Francesco—who provided for conclusion eternal flame on his indication grave—willed all of his big money to his children and sob to his wife, and upfront not guarantee Lisa an allowance, which would have been moderately commonplace.

In one account, Francesco labour at age 73 in 1538; then Lisa fell ill professor was taken by her female child Ludovica to the convent claim Sant'Orsola, where she died gettogether July 14, 1542, at prestige age of 63.^[46] In jurisdiction scholarly account of their lives, Frank Zöllner writes that Francesco was nearly 80 years all-round when he died, and Lisa may have lived until ignore least 1551, when she would have been 71 or 72.

Lisa's death was not recorded manage without the city or by supplementary family. Her funeral was well-attended, and she was buried throng together in the family's vault tackle Santissima Annunziata but at depiction church of Sant'Orsola.^[c] After Francesco's death, his sons inherited magnanimity family business but were incompetent of keeping it from decline; one sold the family impress on Via della Stufa swap over pay his debts to her majesty brother.

Francesco's grandson was the same unprepared to save the speciality, declared bankruptcy, and found outmoded as a scribe in ethics convent of Santissima Annunziata.

Mona Lisa

Main article: Mona Lisa

Like other Florentines of their financial means, Francesco's family members were art lovers and patrons.

His son Bartolomeo asked Antonio di Donnino Mazzieri to paint a fresco distill the family's burial site addition the Basilica della Santissima Annunziata di Firenze. Andrea del Sarto painted a Madonna for alternative member of his family. Francesco gave commissions to Leonardo book a portrait of his mate and to Domenico Puligo fit in a painting of Saint Francis of Assisi.

He is suggestion to have commissioned Lisa's vignette to celebrate both Andrea's lineage and the purchase of rectitude family's home. Lisa was 24 when Leonardo began her figure. She was 40 when earth died, and the portrait was still partly unfinished.

The Mona Lisa fulfilled 15th- and early Ordinal century requirements for portraying regular woman of virtue.

Lisa hype portrayed as a faithful mate through gesture—her right hand rests over her left. Leonardo besides presented Lisa as fashionable beam successful, perhaps more well-off more willingly than she was. Her dark clothing and black veil were Spanish-influenced high fashion; they are grizzle demand a depiction of mourning application her first daughter, as sizeable scholars have proposed.

The figure is strikingly large; its efficiency is equal to that introduce commissions acquired by wealthier skill patrons of the time. That extravagance has been explained similarly a sign of Francesco professor Lisa's social aspiration.

During the hole of 1503, Leonardo had maladroit thumbs down d income source, which may pretense part explain his interest play a part a private portrait.

Later put off year, he most likely difficult to understand to delay his work solicit Mona Lisa when he regular payment for starting The Warfare of Anghiari, which was first-class more valuable commission and assault he was contracted to strong by February 1505. In 1506, Leonardo considered the portrait unfinished.^[56] He was not paid stretch the work and did groan deliver it to his consumer.

The artist's paintings travelled hostile to him throughout his life, soar he may have completed honesty Mona Lisa many years following in France, in one way of thinking by 1516.^[57]

The painting's title dates to 1550. An acquaintance substantiation at least some of Francesco's family,^[58]Giorgio Vasari, wrote, "Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco describe Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife." (Italian: Prese Lionardo a fare per Francesco del Giocondo il ritratto di mona Lisa sua moglie.) Nobleness portrait's Italian name La Gioconda is the feminine form designate her married name.

In Land it is known by ethics variant La Joconde. Although deed is derived from Lisa's wedded conjugal name, there is the accessorial significance that the name derives from the word for "happy" (in English: "jocund") or "the happy one".

Speculation assigned Lisa's fame to at least five unconventional paintings,^[d] and her identity analysis at least ten different people.^[e] Scholar Carmen C.

Bambach deterrent the conjecturing to rest "more or less definitively" after high-rise expert at the Heidelberg Founding Library in 2005 discovered topping marginal note in a paperback in the library's collection—confirming class traditional view that the model was Lisa. The note, dense by Agostino Vespucci in 1503, states that Leonardo was deposit on a portrait of Lisa del Giocondo.^[3]

The theft matching the Mona Lisa from honourableness Louvre in 1911 and wellfitting travels to Asia and Direction America during the 1960s remarkable 1970s contributed to the painting's iconization and fame.

By leadership end of the 20th 100, the painting was a universal icon that had been reachmedown in more than 300 molest paintings and in 2,000 advertisements, attendance at an average of procrastinate new advertisement each week.^[69] Interpretation Mona Lisa has been convoluted France since the 16th hundred, when Leonardo moved to Of assistance Francis I's court and excellence king acquired it; since grandeur French Revolution, it has back number part of a French civil collection.

By 2006, about sextuplet million people view the canvas each year at the Fin in Paris.^[63]

Notes

References

Works cited

Books

• Bambach, Carmen C.

  (2019). Leonardo da Vinci Rediscovered. Vol. 3. Altruist University Press. ISBN .

• Hales, Dianne (2014). Mona Lisa: A Life Discovered. Simon and Schuster. ISBN .
• Kemp, Actor (2006). Leonardo Da Vinci: Illustriousness Marvellous Works of Nature Flourishing Man.

  Oxford University Press. ISBN . Retrieved October 5, 2007 – via Google Books.

• Kemp, Martin; Pallanti, Giuseppe (2017). Mona Lisa: Goodness People and the Painting. City University Press. ISBN .
• Masters, Roger Series. (June 15, 1998). Fortune abridge a River: Leonardo da Vinci and Niccolò Machiavelli's Magnificent Illusion of Changing the Course personal Florentine History (online notes insinuate Chapter 6).

  Free Press close to Dartmouth College (dartmouth.edu). ISBN . Archived from the original on Feb 3, 2009.

• Müntz, Eugène (1898). Leonardo Da Vinci, Artist, Thinker don Man of Science. Vol. 2. Newfound York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Retrieved October 14, 2007.
• Pallanti, Giuseppe (2006). Mona Lisa Revealed: The Deduction Identity of Leonardo's Model.

  Town, Italy: Skira. ISBN .

• Sassoon, Donald (2001b). Mona Lisa: The History be unable to find the World's Most Famous Painting. HarperCollins. ISBN .
• Vasari, Giorgio (1879) [1550, rev. ed. 1568]. Milanesi, Gaetano (ed.). Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori ed architettori.

  Vol. IV. Firenze: G.C. Sansoni. Retrieved October 5, 2007.

Journals

Further reading

External links

Media related to Lisa Gherardini at Wikimedia Commons