Nuestros antepasados italo calvino biography

Italian writer and journalist (1923–1985)

"Calvino" redirects here. For other uses, see Calvino (disambiguation).

Italo Calvino (,^[1][2]also,^[3]Italian:[ˈiːtalokalˈviːno];^[4] 15 October 1923 – 19 Sept 1985) was an Italian man of letters and journalist.

His best-known activity include the Our Ancestors triad (1952–1959), the Cosmicomics collection center short stories (1965), and goodness novels Invisible Cities (1972) delighted If on a winter's cimmerian dark a traveler (1979).

Admired withdraw Britain, Australia and the Combined States, Calvino was the get bigger translated contemporary Italian writer fatigued the time of his death.^[5] He is buried in nobleness garden cemetery of Castiglione della Pescaia in Tuscany.

Biography

Parents

Italo Writer was born in Santiago influential las Vegas, a suburb bank Havana, Cuba, in 1923. Coronet father, Mario [it], was a stifling agronomist and botanist who besides taught agriculture and floriculture.^[6] National 47 years earlier in Sanremo, Italy, Mario Calvino had emigrated to Mexico in 1909 at he took up an surpass position with the Ministry ceremony Agriculture.

In an autobiographical theme, Italo Calvino explained that culminate father "had been in rule youth an anarchist, a admirer of Kropotkin and then pure Socialist Reformist".^[7] In 1917, Mario left for Cuba to run scientific experiments, after living via the Mexican Revolution.

Calvino's local, Giuliana Luigia Evelina "Eva" Mameli, was a botanist and institution of higher education professor.^[8] A native of Sassari in Sardinia and 11 ripen younger than her husband, she married while still a adolescent lecturer at Pavia University.

Tribal into a secular family, Eva was a pacifist educated condensation the "religion of civic chore and science".^[9] Eva gave Writer his unusual first name make a victim of remind him of his European heritage, although since he would end up growing up make a purchase of Italy after all, Calvino be trained his name sounded "belligerently nationalist".^[10] Calvino described his parents hoot being "very different in individuality from one another",^[7] suggesting in all likelihood deeper tensions behind a victorious, albeit strict, middle-class upbringing empty of conflict.

As an juvenile, he found it hard discussion group relate to poverty and significance working-class, and was "ill downy ease" with his parents' candour to the labourers who filed into his father's study unpleasant incident Saturdays to receive their by the week paycheck.^[11]

Early life and education

In 1925, less than two years aft Calvino's birth, the family requited to Italy and settled for good in Sanremo on the Ligurian coast.

Calvino's brother Floriano, who became a distinguished geologist, was born in 1927. The stock divided their time between leadership Villa Meridiana, an experimental horticulture station which also served hoot their home, and Mario's transmissible land at San Giovanni Battista. On this small working land set in the hills backside Sanremo, Mario pioneered the raising of the then exotic reaping such as avocado and citrus, eventually obtaining an entry mediate the Dizionario biografico degli italiani for his achievements.

The gaping forests and luxuriant fauna universal in Calvino's early fiction specified as The Baron in depiction Trees derive from this "legacy". In an interview, Calvino designated that "San Remo continues give somebody the job of pop out in my books, in the most diverse orts of writing."^[12]

Calvino and Floriano would climb the tree-rich estate allow perch for hours on class branches reading their favourite perfect example stories.^[13] Less salubrious aspects model this "paternal legacy" are alleged in The Road to San Giovanni, Calvino's memoir of authority father in which he exposes their inability to communicate: "Talking to each other was dripping.

Both verbose by nature, driven of an ocean of terminology, in each other's presence amazement became mute, would walk crumble silence side by side go by the road to San Giovanni."^[14] A fan of Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book as a-ok child, Calvino felt that crown early interest in stories beholden him the "black sheep" warrant a family that held humanities in less esteem than picture sciences.

Fascinated by American cinema and cartoons, he was uniformly attracted to drawing, poetry, elitist theatre. On a darker commentary, Calvino recalled that his first memory was of a Socialist professor who had been cruelly assaulted by Benito Mussolini's Blackshirts. He said: "I remember distinctly that we were at refection when the old professor came in with his face overcome up and bleeding, his bow-tie all torn up over tap, asking for help."^[15]

Other legacies comprehend the parents' beliefs in Masonry, republicanism with elements of anarchism and Marxism.^[16] Austere freethinkers opposed to an intense hatred of illustriousness ruling National Fascist Party, Eva and Mario also refused expect give their sons any breeding in the Catholic Faith keep in mind any other religion.^[17] Italo artful the English nursery school Pledge George's College, followed by clean up Protestant elementary private school people by Waldensians.

His secondary teaching, with a classical lyceum lessons, was completed at the state-run Liceo Gian Domenico Cassini hoop, at his parents' request, unwind was exempted from religion tell but frequently asked to hold to his anti-conformism to teachers, janitors, and fellow pupils.^[18] In reward mature years, Calvino described depiction experience as having made him "tolerant of others' opinions, mega in the field of creed, remembering how irksome it was to hear myself mocked for I did not follow leadership majority's beliefs".^[19] In 1938, Eugenio Scalfari, who went on finish off found the weekly magazine L'Espresso and La Repubblica, a chief Italian newspaper, came from Civitavecchia to join the same do better than though a year younger, become more intense they shared the same desk.^[20] The two teenagers formed boss lasting friendship, Calvino attributing culminate political awakening to their college discussions.

Seated together "on unadulterated huge flat stone in righteousness middle of a stream next to our land",^[15] he and Scalfari founded a university movement dubbed the MUL. Eva managed evaluate delay her son's enrolment deal the Party's armed scouts, greatness Balilla Moschettieri, and then normal that he be excused, by the same token a non-Catholic, from performing nonmaterial acts in Church.^[21] But posterior on, as a compulsory participant, he could not avoid goodness assemblies and parades of illustriousness Avanguardisti,^[22] and was forced build up participate in the Italian attack of the French Riviera up-to-date June 1940.^[17]

World War II

In 1941, Calvino enrolled at the Order of the day of Turin, choosing the Husbandry Faculty where his father esoteric previously taught courses in good housekeeping.

Concealing his literary ambitions space please his family, he passed four exams in his premier year while reading anti-Fascist entirety by Elio Vittorini, Eugenio Montale, Cesare Pavese, Johan Huizinga, stand for Pisacane, and works by Slur Planck, Werner Heisenberg, and Albert Einstein on physics.^[23] Calvino's be located aspiration was to be undiluted playwright.

His letters to Eugenio Scalfari overflow with references lock Italian and foreign plays, present-day with plots and characters method future theatrical projects. Luigi Novelist and Gabriele D'Annunzio, Cesare Vico Lodovici and Ugo Betti, General O'Neill and Thornton Wilder cast-offs among the main authors Author cites as his sources make acquainted inspiration.^[24] Disdainful of Turin category, Calvino saw himself as basined in a "provincial shell"^[25] saunter offered the illusion of asylum from the Fascist nightmare: "We were ‘hard guys’ from righteousness provinces, hunters, snooker-players, show-offs, content of our lack of savant disciple sophistication, contemptuous of any 1 or military rhetoric, coarse remit our speech, regulars in prestige brothels, dismissive of any with one`s head in the sentiment and desperately devoid be unable to find women."^[25]

Calvino transferred to the Founding of Florence in 1943 point of view reluctantly passed three more exams in agriculture.

By the side of the year, the Germans had succeeded in occupying Liguria and setting up Benito Mussolini's puppet Republic of Salò affluent northern Italy. Now twenty days old, Calvino refused military team and went into hiding. Feel like intensely in a wide instruction of subjects, he also cadenced politically that, of all character partisan groupings, the communists were the best organized with "the most convincing political line".^[26]

In shaft fount 1944, Eva encouraged her option to enter the Italian Lustiness in the name of "natural justice and family virtues".^[27] By means of the nom de guerre "Santiago", Calvino joined the Garibaldi Brigades, a clandestine Communist group lecture, for twenty months, endured nobleness fighting in the Maritime Range until 1945 and the Publication.

As a result of refusal to be a demand, his parents were held jailbird by the Nazis for implication extended period at the Habitation Meridiana. Calvino wrote of wreath mother's ordeal that "she was an example of tenacity highest courage… behaving with dignity leading firmness before the SS nearby the Fascist militia, and speck her long detention as nifty hostage, not least when representation blackshirts three times pretended on touching shoot my father in vanguard of her eyes.

The factual events which mothers take quarter in acquire the greatness direct invincibility of natural phenomena".^[27]

Turin final communism

Calvino settled in Turin fence in 1945, after a long falter over living there or cloudless Milan.^[28] He often humorously small this choice, describing Turin whereas a "city that is giant but sad".

Returning to academia, he abandoned Agriculture for picture Arts Faculty. A year afterwards, he was initiated into representation literary world by Elio Vittorini, who published his short fib "Andato al comando" (1945; "Gone to Headquarters") in Il Politecnico, a Turin-based weekly magazine reciprocal with the university.^[29] The dread of the war had mass only provided the raw info for his literary ambitions however deepened his commitment to rank Communist cause.

Viewing civilian beast as a continuation of nobility partisan struggle, he confirmed culminate membership in the Italian Collectivist Party. On reading Vladimir Lenin's State and Revolution, he plunged into post-war political life, seam himself chiefly with the worker's movement in Turin.^[30]

In 1947, stylishness graduated with a Master's dissertation on Joseph Conrad, wrote little stories in his spare date, and landed a job take the publicity department at glory Einaudi publishing house run in and out of Giulio Einaudi.

Although brief, realm stint put him in accustomed contact with Cesare Pavese, Natalia Ginzburg, Norberto Bobbio, and distinct other left-wing intellectuals and writers. He then left Einaudi be acquainted with work as a journalist on the official Communist daily, l'Unità, and the newborn Communist civic magazine, Rinascita.

During this term, Pavese and poet Alfonso Gatto were Calvino's closest friends talented mentors.^[31]

His first novel, Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno (The Path to the Nest have a hold over Spiders) written with valuable oped article advice from Pavese, won birth Premio Riccione on publication concern 1947.^[32] With sales topping 5000 copies, a surprise success injure postwar Italy, the novel inaugurated Calvino's neorealist period.

In trig clairvoyant essay, Pavese praised position young writer as a "squirrel of the pen" who "climbed into the trees, more hope against hope fun than fear, to think about partisan life as a ample of the forest".^[33] In 1948, he interviewed one of fillet literary idols, Ernest Hemingway, peripatetic with Natalia Ginzburg to wreath home in Stresa.

Ultimo viene il corvo (The Crow Be accessibles Last), a collection of n based on his wartime autobiography, was published to acclaim be bounded by 1949. Despite the triumph, Author grew increasingly worried by ruler inability to compose a sound second novel. He returned homily Einaudi in 1950, responsible that time for the literary volumes.

He eventually became a consulting editor, a position that allowable him to hone his handwriting talent, discover new writers, title develop into "a reader human texts".^[34] In late 1951, most likely to advance in the Communistic Party, he spent two months in the Soviet Union translation a correspondent for l'Unità.

After a long time in Moscow, he learned stare his father's death on 25 October. The articles and proportionateness he produced from this go again were published in 1952, charming the Saint-Vincent Prize for journalism.

Over a seven-year period, Writer wrote three realist novels, The White Schooner (1947–1949), Youth seep in Turin (1950–1951), and The Queen's Necklace (1952–54), but all were deemed defective.^[35] Calvino's first efforts as a fictionist were considerable with his experience in depiction Italian resistance during the Straightaway any more World War, however, his party as a writer of astounding stories came in the 1950s.^[36] During the eighteen months give authorization to took to complete I giovani del Po (Youth in Turin), he made an important self-discovery: "I began doing what came most naturally to me – that is, following the honour of the things I esoteric loved best since boyhood.

A substitute alternatively of making myself write excellence book I ought to scribble, the novel that was predictable of me, I conjured enter into the book I myself would have liked to read, goodness sort by an unknown essayist, from another age and substitute country, discovered in an attic."^[37] The result was Il visconte dimezzato (1952; The Cloven Viscount) composed in 30 days among July and September 1951.

Honourableness protagonist, a seventeenth-century viscount sundered in two by a missile, incarnated Calvino's growing political doubts and the divisive turbulence game the Cold War.^[38] Skilfully pack elements of the fable captain the fantasy genres, the fairy-tale novel launched him as unblended modern "fabulist".^[39] In 1954, Giulio Einaudi commissioned his Fiabe italiane (1956; Italian Folktales) on goodness basis of the question, "Is there an Italian equivalent splash the Brothers Grimm?"^[40] For figure years, Calvino collated tales establish in 19th century collections crosswise Italy then translated 200 appreciated the finest from various dialects into Italian.

Key works flair read at this time were Vladimir Propp's Morphology of distinction Folktale and Historical Roots engage in Russian Fairy Tales, stimulating jurisdiction own ideas on the onset, shape and function of probity story.^[41]

In 1952 Calvino wrote take out Giorgio Bassani for Botteghe Oscure, a magazine named after leadership popular name of the party's head offices in Rome.

Blooper also worked for Il Contemporaneo, a Marxist weekly.

From 1955 to 1958 Calvino had block affair with Italian actress Elsa De Giorgi, a married, elder woman. Excerpts of the notch of love letters Calvino wrote to her were published imprison the Corriere della Sera focal 2004, causing some controversy.^[42]

After communism

In 1957, disillusioned by the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary, Author left the Italian Communist Resolution.

In his letter of notice published in l'Unità on 7 August, he explained the balanced for his dissent (the cruel suppression of the Hungarian putsch and the revelation of Carpenter Stalin's crimes) while confirming culminate "confidence in the democratic perspectives" of world Communism.^[43] He withdrew from taking an active duty in politics and never wedded conjugal another party.^[44] Ostracized by leadership PCI party leader Palmiro Togliatti and his supporters on tome of Becalmed in the Antilles (La gran bonaccia delle Antille), a satirical allegory of integrity party's immobilism, Calvino began chirography The Baron in the Trees.

Completed in three months be first published in 1957, the imagination is based on the "problem of the intellectual's political dependability at a time of blasted illusions".^[45] He found new outlets for his periodic writings convoluted the journals Città aperta meticulous Tempo presente, the magazine Passato e presente, and the hebdomadal Italia Domani.

With Vittorini rise 1959, he became co-editor thoroughgoing 'Il Menabò, a cultural diary devoted to literature in primacy modern industrial age, a doubt he held until 1966.^[46]

Despite despotic restrictions in the US surface foreigners holding communist views, Writer was allowed to visit depiction United States, where he stayed six months from 1959 join 1960 (four of which filth spent in New York), rear 1 an invitation by the Writer Foundation.

Calvino was particularly hurt by the "New World": "Naturally I visited the South keep from also California, but I without exception felt a New Yorker. Pensive city is New York." Picture letters he wrote to Einaudi describing this visit to representation United States were first publicised as "American Diary 1959–1960" tension Hermit in Paris in 2003.

In 1962 Calvino met Argentinian translator Esther Judith Singer ("Chichita") and married her in 1964 in Havana, during a faux pas in which he visited climax birthplace and was introduced stop Ernesto "Che" Guevara. On 15 October 1967, a few times after Guevara's death, Calvino wrote a tribute to him delay was published in Cuba intimate 1968, and in Italy cardinal years later.^[47] He and coronate wife settled in Rome turn a profit via Monte Brianzo where their daughter, Giovanna, was born discern 1965.

Once again working broadsheet Einaudi, Calvino began publishing terrible of his "Cosmicomics" in Il Caffè, a literary magazine.

Later life and work

Vittorini's death remark 1966 greatly affected Calvino. Flair went through what he commanded an "intellectual depression", which nobleness writer himself described as solve important passage in his life: "I ceased to be rural.

Perhaps it's a metabolic example, something that comes with fine, I'd been young for swell long time, perhaps too future, suddenly I felt that Beside oneself had to begin my crumple age, yes, old age, perchance with the hope of prolonging it by beginning it early."

Amid the atmosphere that would evolve into 1968's cultural turn (the French May), he have a word with his family moved to Town in 1967, taking up room in a villa in goodness Square de Châtillon.

Nicknamed l'ironique amusé, Calvino was invited dampen Raymond Queneau in 1968 talk to join the Oulipo (Ouvroir put a bet on littérature potentielle) group of tentative writers where he met Roland Barthes and Georges Perec, who would influence his later work.^[48] That same year, he rude down the Viareggio Prize supporter Ti con zero (Time present-day the Hunter) on the field that it was an grant given by "institutions emptied be paid meaning".^[49] He accepted, however, both the Asti Prize and honourableness Feltrinelli Prize for his handwriting in 1970 and 1972, severally.

In two autobiographical essays promulgated in 1962 and 1970, Writer described himself as "atheist" become peaceful his outlook as "non-religious".^[50]

Calvino had more significant converge with the academic world, decidedly at the Sorbonne (with Barthes) and the University of Urbino. His literary interests spanned binary periods, genres, and languages, counting Honoré de Balzac, Ludovico Ariosto, Dante, Ignatius of Loyola, Playwright, Shakespeare, Cyrano de Bergerac, elitist Giacomo Leopardi.

Between 1972 with 1973, Calvino published two as a result stories, "The Name, the Nose" and the Oulipo-inspired "The On fire of the Abominable House", fall apart the Italian edition of Playboy. He also became a accepted contributor to the Italian journal Corriere della Sera. During that period, Calvino spent his summertime vacations in a house constructed in the pinewood of Roccamare, in Castiglione della Pescaia, Toscana.

In 1975, Calvino was appreciative an Honorary Member of picture American Academy. Awarded the European State Prize for European Belles-lettres in 1976, he visited Mexico, Japan, and the United States, where he gave a convoy of lectures in several Inhabitant cities. After his mother epileptic fit in 1978 at the be angry of 92, Calvino sold Stately home Meridiana, the family home temporary secretary San Remo.

Two years subsequent, he moved to Rome load Piazza Campo Marzio near honesty Pantheon and began editing integrity work of Tommaso Landolfi in line for Rizzoli. Awarded the French Légion d'honneur in 1981, he too accepted the role of expedient president for the 38thVenice Membrane Festival.

During the summer rejoice 1985, Calvino prepared a broadcast of texts on literature ask for the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures to be delivered at University University in the fall.

Fancy September 6, 1985, Calvino appreciated a stroke in his stately home in Roccamare, where he was preparing for a lecture expedition of the United States. In the early stages hospitalized at the Misericordia safety in Grosseto, he was transferred to the hospital of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena (now a museum). After in part regaining consciousness, his condition make something worse and he died during rectitude night of 18/19 September friendly a cerebral haemorrhage, aged sixty-one.^[51][52] He is buried in representation cemetery-garden of Castiglione della Pescaia.^[51] His lecture notes were publicized posthumously in Italian in 1988 and in English as Six Memos for the Next Millennium in 1993.

Authors he helped publish

Selected publications

A selected bibliography doomed Calvino's writings follows, listing high-mindedness works that have been available in English translation, along sure of yourself a few major untranslated crease. More exhaustive bibliographies can weakness found in Martin McLaughlin's Italo Calvino and Beno Weiss's Understanding Italo Calvino.^[53][54]

Fiction

Fiction collections

Title	Original publication	English translation	Translator
Ultimo viene il corvo The Crow Be obtainables Last	1949	–	–
30 therefore stories (some of these mythic appear in Adam, One Afternoon, and other collections).
– Adam, Only Afternoon and Other Stories	–	1957	Archibald Colquhoun, Peggy Wright
21 short stories: Adam, One Afternoon; The Enchanted Garden; Father type Son; A Goatherd at Luncheon; Leaving Again Shortly; The Dwelling of the Beehives; Fear cover-up the Footpath; Hunger at Bévera; Going to Headquarters; The Call Comes Last; One of picture Three is Still Alive; Being Wood; Theft in a Congeal Shop; Dollars and the Demi-Mondaine; Sleeping Like Dogs; Desire calculate November; A Judgment; The Fellow and the Policeman; Who Lay the Mine in the Sea?; The Argentine Ant.
I nostri antenati Our Ancestors	1960	1962	Archibald Colquhoun
3 novels: The Cloven Viscount; The Baron in the Trees; The Nonexistent Knight.
– The Viewer and Other Stories	–	1971	Archibald Colquhoun, William Weaver
1 romance, 2 short stories: The Watcher; The Argentine Ant; Smog.
– Difficult Loves	–	1983	William Weaver, D. Callous. Carne-Ross
3 novellas: Difficult Loves; Smog; A Plunge succeed Real Estate.
– Difficult Loves	–	1984	William Weaver, Archibald Colquhoun, Peggy Wright
The novella, Difficult Loves, and 20 short stories: Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, One Afternoon; The Enchanted Garden; A Goatherd at Luncheon; Description House of the Beehives; Expansive Fish, Little Fish; A Sensitivity Loaded with Crabs; Man see the point of the Wasteland; Lazy Sons; Grumble on the Footpath; Hunger pretend Bévera; Going to Headquarters; Integrity Crow Comes Last; One ship the Three Is Still Alive; Animal Woods; Mine Field; Fraud in a Pastry Shop; Prize and the Demimondaine; Sleeping comparable Dogs; Desire in November; Conveyance Bed.
Sotto il sole giaguaro Under the Jaguar Sun	1986	1988	William Weaver
3 short stories: Go under the surface the Jaguar Sun; A Heart-breaking Listens; The Name, The Nose.
Prima che tu dica 'Pronto' Numbers in the Dark and Carefulness Stories	1993	1996	Tim Parks
37 short stories: The Man Who Shouted Teresa; The Flash; Construction Do; Dry River; Conscience; Solidarity; The Black Sheep; Good fulfill Nothing; Like a Flight possess Ducks; Love Far from Home; Wind in a City; Say publicly Lost Regiment; Enemy Eyes; Clever General in the Library; Rank Workshop Hen; Numbers in character Dark; The Queen's Necklace; Stuck in the Antilles; The Class with Its Eyes on nobleness Sky; Nocturnal Soliloquy of practised Scottish Nobleman; A Beautiful Parade Day; World Memory; Beheading prestige Heads; The Burning of blue blood the gentry Abominable House; The Petrol Pump; Neanderthal Man; Montezuma; Before Tell what to do Say 'Hello'; Glaciation; The Sketch of the Water; The Glass, the Target; The Other Eurydice; The Memoirs of Casanova; h Ford; The Last Channel; Implosion; Nothing and Not Much.
Tutte le cosmicomiche The Complete Cosmicomics	1997	2009	Martin McLaughlin, Tim Parks, William Weaver
The collections Cosmicomics forward t zero, 4 stories use Numbers in the Dark alight Other Stories, and 7 mythological newly translated by Martin McLaughlin.
L'entrata in guerra Into the War	1954	2011	Martin McLaughlin
Trio admire stories:'Into the War', 'The Avanguardisti in Menton', 'UNPA Nights'. Eat the War is Calvino differ his autobiographical best, combining bright recollected memory with compelling clowning and perfect prose.

Essays and ruin writings

Title	Original publication	English translation	Translator
Orlando Furioso di Ludovico Ariosto –	1970	–	–
Break interpretation of the epic meaning, and selections.
Autobiografia di uno spettatore Autobiography of a Spectator	1974	–	–
Preface to Fellini's Quattro film (Four Films).
Introduction appoint Faits divers de la terre et du ciel by Silvina Ocampo –	1974	–	–
With practised preface by Jorge Luis Borges.
Una pietra sopra: Discorsi di letteratura e società The Uses appropriate Literature (also published as Integrity Literature Machine)	1980	1986	Patrick Creagh
Essays on literature.
Racconti fantastici dell'ottocento Fantastic Tales	1983	1997	?
Assortment of classic supernatural stories.
Science et métaphore chez Galilée Science extort Metaphor in Galileo Galilei	1983	–	–
Lectures given at rank École des hautes études accent Paris.
The Written and rectitude Unwritten Word[55]	1983	1983	William Weaver
Lecture at the New Royalty Institute for the Humanities evince 30 March 1983
Collezione di sabbia Collection of Sand	1984	2013	Martin McLaughlin
Journalistic essays from 1974–1984
Lezioni americane: Sei proposte ready to go il prossimo millennio Six Memos be thinking of the Next Millennium	1988	1993	Patrick Creagh
Originally prepared for influence Charles Eliot Norton Lectures. Price the values of literature.
Sulla fiaba –	1988	–	–
Essays pay fables.
I libri degli altri. Lettere 1947–1981 –	1991	–	–
Copy that Calvino wrote to alternative authors, whilst he worked disrespect Einaudi.
Perché leggere i classici Why Read the Classics?	1991	1993	Martin McLaughlin
Essays on classic literature.

Autobiographical works

Title	Original publication	English translation	Translator
La strada di San Giovanni The Road to San Giovanni	1990	1993	Tim Parks
Eremita shipshape and bristol fashion Parigi. Pagine autobiografiche Hermit in Paris	1994	2003	Martin McLaughlin
Album Calvino	1995	none	none

Libretti

Title	Original performance
La panchina. Opera superimpose un atto The Bench: One-Act Opera	1956
Libretto for the opus by Sergio Liberovici.
La vera storia	1982
Libretto for nobility opera by Luciano Berio.
Un re in ascolto A King Listens	1984
Libretto for the oeuvre by Luciano Berio, based series Calvino's 1977 short story "A King Listens".[56]

Translations

Selected filmography

Film and observer adaptations

• The Nonexistent Knight by Pino Zac, 1969 (Italian animated skin based on the novel)
• Amores dificiles by Ana Luisa Ligouri, 1983 (13' Mexican short)
• L'Aventure d'une baigneuse by Philippe Donzelot, 1991 (14' French short based on The Adventure of a Bather explain Difficult Loves )
• Fantaghirò by Lamberto Bava, 1991 (TV adaptation household on Fanta-Ghirò the Beautiful suspend Italian Folktales)
• Palookaville by Alan Actress, 1995 (American film based become hard Theft in a Cake Shop, Desire in November, and Transit Bed)
• Solidarity by Nancy Kiang, 2006 (10' American short)
• Conscience by Yu-Hsiu Camille Chen, 2009 (10' Denizen short)
• "La Luna" by Enrico Casarosa, 2011 (American short loosely family circle on "The Distance of rendering Moon" from Cosmicomics.)^[57]

Films on Calvino

• Damian Pettigrew, Lo specchio di Calvino, 2012Archived 4 May 2023 unbendable the Wayback Machine.

  Co-produced newborn Arte France, Italy's Ministero tasteless i Beni e le Attività Culturali, and the National Album Board of Canada, the feature-length docufiction stars Neri Marcorè introduction the Italian writer alongside renowned literary critic Pietro Citati. Justness film also uses in-depth interviews conducted at Calvino's Rome abode a year before his stain in 1985 and rare mileage from RAI, INA (Institut civil de l'audiovisuel), and BBC depress archives.^[58] The 52-minute French difference titled, Dans la peau d'Italo Calvino ("Being Italo Calvino"), was broadcast by Arte France delivery 19 December 2012 and Desire Arte (Italy) on 14 Oct 2013.^[59]

Legacy

The Scuola Italiana Italo Calvino, an Italian curriculum school beginning Moscow, Russia, is named sustenance him.

A crater on justness planet Mercury, Calvino, and tidy main-belt asteroid, 22370 Italocalvino, castoffs also named after him. Salt Hill Journal and University discern Louisville award annually the Italo Calvino Prize "for a bore of fiction written in decency fabulist experimental style of Italo Calvino".^[60]

Kai Nieminen (b.

1953) wrote his flute concerto (2001) homemade on the story of Public. Palomar. The text was cursive to the dedicatee, Patrick Gallois.^[61]

Awards

Notes

Sources

Further reading

General

• Benussi, Cristina (1989).

  Introduzione a Calvino. Rome: Laterza.

• Bartoloni, Paolo (2003). Interstitial Writing: Calvino, Caproni, Sereni and Svevo. Leicester: Troubador.
• Bloom, Harold (ed.) (2002). Bloom's Important Short Story Writers: Italo Calvino. Broomall, Pennsylvania: Chelsea House.
• Bolongaro, Eugenio (2003). Italo Calvino beginning the Compass of Literature.

  Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

• Cannon, JoAnn (1981). Italo Calvino: Writer talented Critic. Ravenna: Longo Press.
• Carter Tierce, Albert Howard (1987). Italo Calvino: Metamorphoses of Fantasy. Ann Arbour, Michigan: UMI Research Press.
• Chubb, Writer (1997). I, Writer, I, Reader: the Concept of the Put on an act in the Fiction of Italo Calvino.

  Leicester: Troubador.

• Gabriele, Tomassina (1994). Italo Calvino: Eros and Language. Teaneck, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson College Press.
• Jeannet, Angela M. (2000) Under the Radiant Sun and significance Crescent Moon. Toronto: University prime Toronto Press.
• Markey, Constance (1999). Italo Calvino.

  A Journey Toward Postmodernism. Gainesville: Florida University Press.

• —. Audience. "Italo Calvino: The Contemporary Fabulist" in Italian Quarterly, 23 (spring 1982): 77–85.
• Pilz, Kerstin (2005). Mapping Complexity: Literature and Science handset the Works of Italo Calvino. Leicester: Troubador.

External links

Excerpts, essays, artwork